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function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XF6KPW4C2J'); </script> </head> <body> <header class="site-header"> <a href="https://st-toolbox.com/kakomon/">STカコモン</a> <span class="sep">›</span> <a href="../">ST国試ノ�EチE/a> <span class="sep">›</span> <a href="./">音声障害</a> <span class="sep">›</span> <span class="header-current">第1章</span> </header> <div class="page"> <div class="notebook"> <div class="nb-inner"> <div class="page-title-row"> <h1>第1章�E�音声障害の刁E��と基礎知譁E/h1> <span class="meta">過去問頻出�E�難易度 ☁E�E☁E�E☁E/span> </div> <div class="cols"> <div class="col"> <h2>1-1 音声障害の刁E��！E018年ガイドライン�E�E/h2> <div class="table-wrap"> <table> <tr><th>大刁E��E/th><th>疾患侁E/th></tr> <tr><td>喉頭の<span class="red">絁E��異常</span></td><td>声帯結節・声帯ポリープ�E声帯嚢胞�E声帯溝症・ポリープ様声帯・喉頭肉芽腫・喉頭乳頭腫・喉頭癌�E声帯出血・声帯瘢痁E/td></tr> <tr><td>喉頭の<span class="blue">運動異常</span></td><td>反回神経麻痺・痙攣性発声障害</td></tr> <tr><td>そ�E他�E音声障害</td><td>変声障害・忁E��性発声障害・筋緊張性発声障害・仮声帯発声・奁E��性声帯運動</td></tr> </table> </div> <div class="warn"> 急性喉頭炎�E「喉頭の絁E��異常」に刁E��されなぁE��炎痁E��疾患�E�（第25回）、Ebr> 忁E��性発声障害は「その他」。絁E��異常・運動異常ではなぁE��第28回）、E </div> <h2>1-2 声の属性�E�Eつ�E�E/h2> <div class="box"> <ol> <li><span class="blue">高さ</span>�E�ピチE��E�E/li> <li><span class="blue">強ぁE/span>�E�音量！E/li> <li><span class="blue">音色</span>�E�質�E�E/li> <li><span class="blue">持綁E/span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="warn">、Espan class="red">明瞭度</span>は声の属性に含まれなぁE��（第26回）。�E瞭度は構音の問題、E/div> <h2>1-3 疾患の性差・年齢</h2> <div class="table-wrap"> <table> <tr><th>疾患</th><th>性別・特徴</th></tr> <tr><td>喉頭癁E/td><td><span class="blue">男性</span>に多い</td></tr> <tr><td>変声障害</td><td><span class="blue">男性</span>に多い</td></tr> <tr><td>小�E声帯結節</td><td><span class="red">男允E/span>に多い�E��E人は女性に多い�E�E/td></tr> <tr><td>忁E��性失声痁E/td><td><span class="red">女性</span>に多い</td></tr> <tr><td>痙攣性発声障害</td><td><span class="red">女性</span>に多い</td></tr> <tr><td>声帯溝症</td><td><span class="red">女性</span>に多い</td></tr> <tr><td>ポリープ様声帯</td><td>女性・<span class="red">喫煙老E/span>に多い</td></tr> </table> </div> <div class="warn"> 「小�E声帯結節は女児に多い」�E <span class="red">誤めE/span>�E�男児に多い�E�（第20回）、E </div> </div> <div class="col"> <h2>1-4 吁E��患の特徴</h2> <h3>声帯結節</h3> <ul> <li><span class="red">音声酷使</span>が原因�E�保育士・教師・歌手など�E�E/li> <li><span class="blue">両側性</span>・声帯中央1/3付近に対称性に生じめE/li> <li><span class="red">音声治療（軟起声�E�が第一選抁E/span></li> <li>小�Eでは自然治癒することが多い�E�E0、E2歳ころ�E�E/li> <li>手術治療�E通常行わなぁE/li> </ul> <h3>声帯ポリーチE/h3> <ul> <li><span class="blue">牁E�E性</span>が多い</li> <li>出血・音声酷使が契橁E/li> <li>喉頭微細手術が適忁E/li> </ul> <h3>ポリープ様声帯�E�ラインケ浮腫�E�E/h3> <ul> <li><span class="red">喫煁E/span>が主因</li> <li><span class="blue">両側性</span>が多い</li> <li>粗糙性嗁E��・声のピッチが<span class="red">低丁E/span></li> <li>高度になると<span class="red">呼吸困難</span>を生じる</li> </ul> <div class="warn">「一側性が多い」「小�Eに多い」�E<span class="red">誤めE/span>�E�第21回）、E/div> <h3>声帯溝症</h3> <ul> <li>声帯粘�E固有層の欠損�E線維匁E/li> <li>粘�E波動が<span class="red">低丁E/span>�E�増大は誤り！E/li> <li>女性に多い・手術治癁E/li> </ul> <h3>喉頭肉芽腫</h3> <ul> <li><span class="red">後部披裂軟骨部</span>に好発�E�前交連ではなぁE��E/li> <li>原因�E�Espan class="blue">胁E��道送E��症・気管挿管・慢性咳嗽・硬起声発声</span></li> <li><span class="warn" style="display:inline;">睡眠時無呼吸痁E��群は原因でなぁE/span></li> <li>治療！Espan class="red">プロトンポンプ阻害薬</span>�E�胃食道送E��E治療！E/li> </ul> <div class="warn">「前交連付近に好発」�E<span class="red">誤めE/span>�E�後部披裂部�E�（第28回）、E/div> <h3>喉頭乳頭腫</h3> <ul> <li><span class="red">ヒトパピローマウイルス�E�EPV�E�E/span>感染が原因</li> <li>治療：手術（レーザー�E��E <span class="red">放封E��治療�E禁忁E/span>�E�癌化リスク�E�E/li> </ul> <div class="warn">「喉頭乳頭腫─放封E��治療」�E<span class="red">誤り�E絁E��合わぁE/span>�E�第18回）、E/div> </div> <div class="full sec"> <div class="quiz"> <h2>確認問顁E/h2> <div class="q-item">Q1. 声帯結節の第一選択治療�E何か�E�E/div> <div class="q-item">Q2. ポリープ様声帯の主な誘因は�E�また�E性は�E�E/div> <div class="q-item">Q3. 喉頭肉芽腫の好発部位�Eどこか�E�E/div> <div class="q-item">Q4. 喉頭乳頭腫の原因ウイルスと禁忌�E治療�E�E�E/div> <div class="q-item">Q5. 声の属性4つを答えよ。「�E瞭度」�E含まれるか！E/div> <a href="https://st-toolbox.com/kakomon/?subject=音声障害" class="quiz-btn">音声障害の過去問を解ぁEↁE/a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav-row"> <a href="./" class="nav-btn">ↁE目次に戻めE/a> <a href="chapter2.html" class="nav-btn next">第2章声帯麻痺・神経系 ↁE/a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../study-tools.js?v=20260421"></script> <script> StudyTools.init({ noteId: 'onseishogai-ch1', currentPath: '/study/onseishogai/chapter1' }); 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